Passage 5

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In plain words

Not only this. They held that He has full freedom also to recognise men's desires, their joys and sorrows, to listen Himself to their prayers and their tapas, and to incarnate to establish Dharma. Because they recognised this experience, they gave Him yet another name. They called Him Sambhavaḥ. That is: when Dharma declines, ‘sambhavāmi yuge yuge’, in every age I can come freely and remove the troubles and sufferings that have closed in. They gave His freedom another name: Sambhavaḥ. The sun is the one who, though one alone, shows himself as many forms in many vessels of water. Though the sun is one, he shapes himself as one apiece in every vessel filled with water. In the same way the ṛṣis came to regard all the bodies of men as so many vessels. Into these vessels they kept filling the water of feelings. In every lake of the mind, this divine radiance, the principle of the sun itself, kept making itself known. It kept showing itself. In the same way, recognising that God dwells in all beings in the form of the sun, they gave Him another name. That name is Ādityaḥ. That is, as one sun shows its form in many vessels, the maharṣis proclaimed the truth that God, though one, is made manifest in all bodies and in every kind of living being. But they learned that no one can know this Paramātma, all-powerful, all-knowing and all-pervading.

There are three pramāṇas. Pratyakṣa pramāṇa. Anumāna pramāṇa. Śabda pramāṇa. Pratyakṣa pramāṇa: in this, He has no distinguishing marks of any kind. Because He is far from such things, it is impossible to say what He is like or of what kind. To say, ‘Does the jīva become God as milk becomes curd?’ is not false. So He is one whom no pratyakṣa pramāṇa at all can catch. In this pratyakṣa pramāṇa, yad bhāvam tad bhavati. The ṛṣis recognised too that a man sees only his own feelings as this outer form, and cannot see the eternal, true form through these pramāṇas.

Anumāna pramāṇa means this: when we look from here, some smoke is rising on that hill. Taking the smoke as our ground, we think there may be fire there.