In English
The knowledge of , the basic spiritual knowledge, is the one which enables us to recognise the oneness of all human beings. In human beings, there are four distinct varieties which are to be recognised. The best among them are those who can recognise the faults in themselves and the good in others. The second category are those who recognise only the good in themselves and the faults in others. Worse than these are the people who proclaim the good that does not exist in them and find faults which do not exist in others. There is the fourth category, worse than all the other three categories, of persons who will always talk about the non-existent good in themselves and will always praise themselves and do not recognise anything else. This can also be called praising one’s own self. When we talk of praising one’s own self, one can understand praising one’s own self where the praise is rightfully due; but if you talk of this with ego (), it is equal to blindness. was suffering not only from this ego but he had also other bad qualities like jealousy, anger, lust and had power based on wealth. was born to parents by name and . He had two brothers, with names and .