In English
The to propitiate the Divine and the parents
(propitiating the Divine) comprises various forms of worship to atone for offences committed by speech. They are (listening to things divine), (singing the praise of God), (contemplation on God), (reciting the divine names), (prostration), (service) and (self-surrender). The (devotional songs) you do and the (street singing of spirituals) done by devotees, can be regarded as a form of . is the service which one does to one's parents by way of gratitude for the gift of life and upbringing received from them. To please the parents by one's actions, to look after them in their old age and to protect them in every way possible - all these constitute . Such acts serve to atone for some types of misdeeds. When the laid down that the mother and the father should be revered as God, they revealed the spiritual value of respect for parents. comprises such acts as study of the (revealed ancient scriptures), reading sacred books like the , the and the epics. This has an expiatory effect for some kinds of unconscious offences.