In English
: The were taught by teacher to disciple by oral recitation, adhering to the right
and tune. There were no gadgets such as tape recorders or gramophone records in those ancient times. The students used to learn the text only by constant repetition with intense devotion day and night and get by heart. Even if the words are missed the or tune of the chanting should be without the slightest blemish, since is its basis. Hence it is called (that which is learnt by hearing).