Now let us come to the matter itself. When Arjuna held on to Kṛṣṇa Paramātma's words, a doubt too heavy for his head to bear began in him, and it began to torment him in many ways. Not Arjuna alone: in the heart of any human being at all, such doubts are bound to arise. Moreover, in spiritual matters that are hard to understand, in the tattva of God, the inner meaning is one thing and the outer meaning another, and so ordinary people hold chiefly to the outer meaning. For this one needs either experience or the strength of grace; those who have neither are only confused the more. Doubt is no small thing. “As a speck in the eye, a gadfly in the ear, a stone in the sandal or a thorn in the foot robs one of peace, so doubt within one's own body torments like a quarrel in the house.” When such a doubt arises in Arjuna, who stood as the representative of the people, it must be taken as the people's doubt. Only Mādhava, who is beyond the human, can resolve it; mere human beings cannot. That is why Kṛṣṇa, who is Paramātma, is right there beside him, ready to resolve the doubt and make him glad. What, then, was the doubt? ——