The works of Ādi Śaṅkarācārya

Chāndogyopaniṣadbhāṣyam

Bhashya

Bhashya

ध्यानं वाव चित्ताद्भूयः ।ध्यानं नाम शास्त्रोक्तदेवता-द्यालम्बनेष्वचलः भिन्नजातीयैरनन्तरितः प्रत्ययसंतानः,एकाग्रतेति यमाहुः ।दृश्यते च ध्यानस्य माहात्म्यं फलतः ।कथम्? यथा योगी ध्यायन्निश्शलो भवति ध्यानफललाभे, एवं ध्यायतीव निश्चला दृश्यते पृथिवी ।ध्यायतीवान्तरिक्षमित्यादि समानमन्यत् ।देवाश्च मनुष्याश्च देवमनुष्याः मनुष्या एव वा देवसमाः देवमनुष्याः शमादिगुणसंपन्नाः मनुष्याः देवस्वरूपं न जहतीत्यर्थः ।यस्मादेवं विशिष्टं ध्यानम्, तस्मात् य इह लोके मनुष्याणामेव धनैर्विद्यया गुणैर्वा महत्तां महत्त्वं प्राप्नुवन्ति धनादिमहत्त्वहेतुं लभन्त इत्यर्थः ।ध्यानापादांशा इव ध्यानस्य आपादनम् आपादः ध्यानफललाभ इत्यतत्, तस्यांशः अवयवः कला काचिद्ध्यानफललाभकलावन्त इवैवेत्यर्थः ।ते भवन्ति निश्चला इव लक्ष्यन्ते न क्षुद्रा इव ।अथ ये पुनरल्पाः क्षुद्राः किंचिदपि धनादिमहत्त्वैकदेशमप्राप्ताः ते पूर्वोक्तविपरीताः कलहिनः कलहशीलाः पिशुनाः परदोषोद्भासकाः उपवादिनः परदोषं सामीप्ययुक्तमेव वदितुं शीलं येषां ते उपवादिनश्च भवन्ति ।अथ ये महत्त्वं प्राप्ताः धनादिनिमित्तं ते अन्यान्प्रति प्रभवन्तीति प्रभवः विद्याचार्यराजेश्वरादयो ध्यानापादांशा इवेत्याद्युक्तार्थम् ।अतः दृश्यते ध्यानस्य महत्त्वं फलतः; अतः भूयश्चित्तात्; अतस्तदुपास्स्व इत्याद्युक्तार्थम् ॥

In plain words

Meditation is indeed greater than the mind. Meditation is defined as the unbroken, immovable stream of concentrated thought directed toward scriptural supports such as deities, undisturbed by thoughts of any other kind—what people call one-pointedness. The greatness of meditation is visibly proved by its results. How? Just as a yogi becomes utterly still upon attaining the fruit of meditation, so the earth appears as if meditating and motionless, the atmosphere appears as if meditating, and so on with the rest. Gods, humans, and divine-humans—those humans who possess tranquility and other virtues do not abandon their divine character. Because meditation is thus exalted, those people in this world who achieve eminence among humans through wealth, learning, or virtue are merely enjoying a tiny fraction of the power born of meditation's fruit. They stand steady and unshakeable, unlike small-minded people. By contrast, those who remain petty and fail to achieve even a shred of such eminence are just the opposite: quarrelsome, backbiting, fault-finding, and perpetually exposing the shortcomings of others. But those who attain true eminence through wealth and authority hold power over others as leaders, teachers, and rulers—yet they are only exercising a minute fraction of the fruit of meditation. Therefore, the greatness of meditation is empirically evident; it surpasses the mind; hence, meditate upon meditation.

Close to the Sanskrit

Meditation indeed is greater than the mind. Meditation is named that continuous stream of cognitions upon scriptural supports of deities and the like, which is immovable and uninterrupted by things of a different kind—which they call one-pointedness. And the greatness of meditation is seen from its result. How? Just as when a yogi becomes motionless upon attaining the fruit of meditation, thus the earth is seen as if meditating and motionless; the atmosphere is seen as if meditating, and so forth—the rest is similar. Gods and men, divine-men—men indeed who are like gods are divine-men, endowed with tranquility and other virtues, while men do not abandon their divine nature, such is the meaning. Since meditation is thus distinguished, therefore those who in this world attain eminence among men through wealth, knowledge, or virtues—obtaining the cause of eminence starting with wealth—are as it were fractions of a foot of meditation. For the attainment of the fruit of meditation is the foot, and a fraction of that is an avayava, a digit, possessing a fraction of the fruit of meditation as it were, such is the meaning. They become steady, appearing as if motionless, not like petty ones. Now, those who are again petty, insignificant, not having attained even a fraction of importance starting with wealth—they, opposite to the previously described ones, are quarrelsome, disposed to quarreling, backbiters, revealers of others' faults, and detractors, whose habit is to speak of others' faults even when associated with proximity. Now, those who have attained importance due to wealth and the like—they have power over others, hence they are lords (teachers of knowledge, royal lords, and others), being fractions of a foot of meditation, as already explained. Hence the greatness of meditation is seen from its result; hence it is greater than the mind; therefore meditate upon that, as already explained.