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मही घटत्वं घटतः कपालिका कपालिका चूर्णरजस्ततोऽणुः ।
In plain words
Earth becomes a pot; from the pot, a shard; the shard, powder and dust; and from the dust, the atom.
Close to the Sanskrit
Earth [becomes] pot-ness; from the pot, the shard; the shard, powder-dust; from that, the atom.