कालात्मना ऋतुशब्देन लक्ष्यत इति ऋतुः ।शोभनं निर्वाणफलं दर्शनं ज्ञानमस्येति, शुभे दर्शने ईक्षणे पद्मपत्रायते अस्येति, सुखेन दृश्यते भक्तैरिति वा सुदर्शनः ।कलयति सर्वमिति कालः; 'कालः कलयतामहम्' इति भगवद्वचनात् ।परमे प्रकृष्टे स्वे महिम्नि हृदयाकाशे स्थातुं शीलमस्येति परमेष्ठी, 'परमेष्ठी विभ्राजते' इति मन्त्रवर्णात् ।शरणार्थिभिः परितो गृह्यते सर्वगतत्वात्, परितो ज्ञायते इति वा, पत्रपुष्पादिकं भक्तैरर्पितं परिगृह्णातीति वा परिग्रहः ।सूर्यादीनामपि भयहेतुत्वात् उग्रः, 'भीषोदेति सूर्यः' इति श्रुतेः ।संवसन्ति भूतान्यस्मिन्निति संवत्सरः ।जगद्रूपेण वर्धमानत्वात् सर्वकर्माणि क्षिप्रं करोतीति वा दक्षः ।संसारसागरे क्षुत्पिपासादिषडूर्मिभिस्तरङ्गिते अविद्याद्यैर्महाह्रदैः मदादिभिरुपक्लेशैश्च वशीकृतानां विश्रान्तिं काङ्क्षमाणानां विश्रामं मोक्षं करोतीति विश्रामः ।विश्वस्मात् दक्षिणः शक्तः, विश्वेषु कर्मसु दाक्षिण्याद्वा विश्वदक्षिणः ॥
In plain words
He is called Ṛtu as the very essence of time, and Sudarśana because His gaze is vast as a lotus petal and He is easily beheld by His devotees. He is Kāla because He reckons all things, as the Lord declares: 'I am Time among reckoners.' He is Parameṣṭhī because it is His nature to abide in the supreme space of the heart, as scripture proclaims. He is Parigraha because seekers of refuge embrace Him everywhere, and because He lovingly accepts the simple offerings of leaves and flowers given by His devotees. He is Ugra because even the sun and cosmic powers tremble before Him in awe, as scripture says. He is Saṃvatsara because all beings reside within Him, and Dakṣa because He expands as the cosmos and fulfills every cosmic task with effortless speed. He is Viśrāma because He is the final haven of rest and liberation for those tossed upon the fierce ocean of saṃsāra by the waves of hunger, thirst, ignorance, and pride. And He is Viśvadakṣiṇa because His capability surpasses the entire universe, ever dexterous in all His works.
Close to the Sanskrit
Kāla is indicated by the word Ṛtu through the nature of time; Sudarśana means He who has a radiant vision, or whose glance is broad like a lotus petal, or who is easily beheld by devotees. Kala is the one who counts everything, from the Vedic statement 'I am Time among counters'. Parameṣṭhī is the one whose nature is to abide in the highest supreme space of the heart, from the scriptural verse 'Parameṣṭhī shines forth'. Parigraha is the one who is completely embraced by seekers of refuge due to all-pervadingness, or who is known everywhere, or who accepts offerings like leaves and flowers presented by devotees. Ugra is the fierce one because He is a cause of fear even for the sun and others, from the scriptural text 'The sun rises out of fear'. Saṃvatsara is He in whom beings dwell together. Dakṣa is He who grows in the form of the universe and quickly performs all actions. Viśrāma is He who grants rest, which is liberation, to those who desire cessation from the six waves of hunger and thirst in the ocean of saṃsāra, agitated by whirlpools of ignorance and afflictions like pride. Viśvadakṣiṇa is He who is more capable than the universe, or skillful in all actions due to dexterity.