Passage 3

Tap any word for its meaning.

In plain words

In saṅkīrtana there are four kinds. Guṇa saṅkīrtana, līlā saṅkīrtana, bhāva saṅkīrtana, nāma saṅkīrtana. These are the four kinds. Guṇa saṅkīrtana describes only the auspicious host of God's qualities. The great ṛṣis of those days and the poets of those days described God's qualities in many ways.

You who lie on Vāsuki, Śrīnivāsa, You who delight in Consciousness, cut the bonds of worldly life and give joy to my mind; You who dwell in the shining city of blessings, Jagadīśa, Hṛṣīkeśa, swiftly, Śeṣagopa's servant, O Enchanter of the heart of lovely Ramā.

In this way they described those qualities. Next, the special glories of His līlās.

In every lane and corner, and in everyone, it is You alone; I hear that You dwell there in joy, Śrīdhara! Moon-faced One, whose lotus feet the lord of the gods worships, I bow to You day after day, O Enchanter of the heart of lovely Ramā!

Next, bhāva saṅkīrtana.

Peerless One on the seat of Trikūṭa, who can equal You? The king's town by the river You rule, You who uphold the play of guile; with games and songs and gentle words Bhojarāja calls You again and again: why do You not answer, Śrī Veṅkaṭeśa, O Enchanter of the heart of lovely Ramā!

Many kinds of change have been coming into this guṇa saṅkīrtana, līlā saṅkīrtana and bhāva saṅkīrtana. But they judged nāma saṅkīrtana alone to be the highest of all.

Rather than taking the Name as the human principle, they showed it to be the principle of Mādhava, and described Him as the One whose very form is sound.

She who is Śabda Brahman, who is all that moves and is still, who is light, who is speech, who is eternal Ānanda, who is beyond the highest, who is Māyā, who is Śrī.

Of these eight kinds of remembrance, sound is the chief. Holding this sound within as feeling, they set up many kinds of paths to attain Divinity.

This is Śānta Bhakti, Sakhya Bhakti, Vātsalya Bhakti, Anurāga Bhakti and Madhura Bhakti. Śānta Bhakti. Who in the world attained God through this Bhakti? Bhīṣma, who held to the hardest of vows. He is the son of Gaṅgā. He gave up every happiness for the sake of the world. He made the vow of Bhīṣma. A great renouncer, who gave up the life of the body and the mind and attained Divinity.